GAWAI, MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA, DAN TEORI SELF-DETERMINATION: PERAN ORANG TUA DAN GURU DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI KOTA BENGKULU

Muhammad Eko Oktaviansyah; Citra Amelia Sari

Authors

Muhammad Eko Oktaviansyah Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, Indonesia
Citra Amelia Sari Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Rejang Lebong, Indonesia

Keywords:

gadgets , learning motivation, gadget usage, collaborative support, self-determination theory.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara penggunaan gawai dan motivasi belajar siswa di dua Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri, yakni MIN 1 Tanjung Jaya dan MIN 2 Pagar Dewa di Kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan campuran (mixed-method), dengan pengumpulan data kuantitatif melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 50 responden, serta data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan siswa, orang tua, dan guru. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif sedang antara frekuensi penggunaan gawai dan motivasi belajar (r = 0,53 dan r = 0,67). Dukungan orang tua menunjukkan korelasi rendah hingga sedang (r = 0,35 dan r = 0,41), sedangkan dukungan guru memiliki korelasi sedang (r = 0,61 dan r = 0,56). Data kualitatif mengungkap bahwa aplikasi edukatif mendorong semangat belajar siswa, sementara fitur hiburan seperti media sosial dan permainan menjadi distraksi utama. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya pengawasan dan bimbingan dari orang tua serta guru dalam mengarahkan penggunaan gawai secara produktif. Temuan dianalisis menggunakan kerangka Self-Determination Theory (SDT) yang menekankan tiga dimensi utama motivasi: otonomi, keterhubungan, dan kompetensi. Kolaborasi antara keluarga dan sekolah menjadi faktor kunci dalam memastikan pemanfaatan gawai dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran secara optimal. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan strategi pembelajaran berbasis teknologi yang relevan di madrasah ibtidaiyah dalam menghadapi tantangan era digital.

References

Abood, Z. G. (2021). Teacher- parent interactions: Discovering full accomplishments in language learning environments through parental involvement among iraqi efl teenagers. doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.4619236.

Abuhamda, E. A. A., Ismail, I. A., & Bsharat, T. R. K. (2021). Understanding quantitative and qualitative research methods: A theoretical perspective for young researchers. International Journal of Research, 8(2), 71–87. https://journals.pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/article/view/20400.

Ahmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S., Gogoi, S., Srivastava, A., & Farheen, Z. (2019). Qualitative v/s. Quantitative research- a summarized review. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 6(43), 2828–2832. doi: 10.18410/jebmh/2019/587.

Ar, M. M., & Hardiansyah, F. (2021). Analisis optimalisasi peran guru dan orang tua dalam mendampingi anak selama pembelajaran daring siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(1), 423–432. doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v6i1.1942.

Basileo, L. D., Otto, B., Lyons, M., Vannini, N., & Toth, M. D. (2024). The role of self-efficacy, motivation, and perceived support of students’ basic psychological needs in academic achievement. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1385442. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2024.1385442.

Borgstede, M., & Scholz, M. (2021). Quantitative and qualitative approaches to generalization and replication–a representationalist view. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.605191.

Campopiano, A., & Wilcox, R. R. (2020). Hypothesize: Robust statistics for python. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(50), 2241. doi: 10.21105/joss.02241.

Chiu, T. K. F. (2022). Applying the self-determination theory (Sdt) to explain student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(sup1), S14–S30. doi: 10.1080/15391523.2021.1891998.

Chiu, T. K. F. (2024). Using self-determination theory (Sdt) to explain student STEM interest and identity development. Instructional Science, 52(1), 89–107. doi: 10.1007/s11251-023-09642-8.

Deviana, L., & Rahim, A. (2021). Analisis dampak penggunaan gadget pada siswa kelas v sekolah dasar persatuan ummat islam (Pui) haurgeulis. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar-i, 8(5), 1693–1704. doi: 10.15408/sjsbs.v8i5.23408.

Erminati, R., Irawan Zain, M., & Sobri, M. (2023). Pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap karakter mandiri siswa di sdn gugus 4 kuripan. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 8(1), 4439–4452. doi: 10.23969/jp.v8i1.7878.

Fartisia, O. N. P., & Laily, N. (2022). Relationship of motivation to the level of confidence in working on the final level student’s thesis. Journal Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Engineering, Social Science, and Health International Conference (UMGESHIC), 1(2), 979. doi: 10.30587/umgeshic.v1i2.3520.

Fatekhah, K., Rahmawati, D., & Handayani, A. (2024). Tantangan dan peluang guru dalam mengatasi kemalasan belajar siswa di era digital. Tematik: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, 3(1), 30–34. doi: 10.57251/tem.v3i1.1402.

Handayani, I., Lustyantie, N., & Chaeruman, U. (2022). Self determined learning practice in english speaking class: A heutagogical perspective in efl class. IJLECR (International Journal of Language Education and Cultural Review), 8(1), 9–18. doi: 10.21009/IJLECR.081.02.

Herwin, H., Nurhayati, R., & Dahalan, S. C. (2022). Mobile assessment to improve learning motivation of elementary school students in online learning. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 12(5), 436–442. doi: 10.18178/ijiet.2022.12.5.1638.

J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.

Le, N. Q., & Phuong Nguyen, H. T. (2021). Impacts of parental involvement on english language learning of vietnamese secondary school students: Understanding parents’ perceptions. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 126–142. doi: 10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i4p113.

Liamputtong, P. (2019). Traditional research methods in health and social sciences: An introduction. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences (pp. 3–8). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_52.

Maula, D. H., Adikara, F. S., & Susiloningsih, E. (2024). Analisis peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak sekolah dasar. Renjana Pendidikan Dasar, 4(3), 181–188.

https://prospek.unram.ac.id/index.php/renjana/article/view/1216.

Miao, J., & Ma, L. (2023). Teacher autonomy support influence on online learning engagement: The mediating roles of self-efficacy and self-regulated learning. SAGE Open, 13(4), 21582440231217737. doi: 10.1177/21582440231217737.

Moleong, L.J. (2021). Metode penelitian kualitatif (Revisi). P.T. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Ningsih, S., & Shanie, A. (2023). Pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik sekolah dasar. Muallimuna : Jurnal Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 8(2), 52–61. doi: 10.31602/muallimuna.v8i2.10126.

Ojo, A. O., Ravichander, S., Tan, C. N.-L., Anthonysamy, L., & Arasanmi, C. N. (2024). Investigating student’s motivation and online learning engagement through the lens of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/JARHE-09-2023-0445.

Prasetyo, A. & Sukarni. (2022). Pengaruh perhatian orang tua dan peran guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa masa pandemi covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Modern, 7(2), 42–54. doi: 10.37471/jpm.v7i2.347.

Putri, P. D., & Aji Pradana, A. B. (2021). Analisis peran guru dan orang tua terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika di sdit jam’iyyatul ihsan pakis. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 6(3), 367–373. doi: 10.29303/jipp.v6i3.224.

Rosli, M. S., Saleh, N. S., Md. Ali, A., & Abu Bakar, S. (2022). Self-determination theory and online learning in university: Advancements, future direction and research gaps. Sustainability, 14(21), 14655. doi: 10.3390/su142114655.

Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864.

Setyaningsih, E., & Setyowatie, D. (2023). E sosialisasi dampak positif dan negatif penggunaan gadget serta media sosial di kalangan anak-anak dan remaja. IJCOSIN: Indonesian Journal of Community Service and Innovation, 3(1), 64–71. doi: 10.20895/ijcosin.v3i1.919.

Sinaga, A., Gaol, R. L., Sari Hs, D. W., & Silaban, P. J. (2022). Pengaruh pengguna handphone terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas v sekolah dasar. JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran), 6(3), 692. doi: 10.33578/pjr.v6i3.8494.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, R&D, dan penelitian tindakan. Alfabeta.

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Alfabeta.

Tóth-Király, I., Morin, A. J. S., Litalien, D., Valuch, M., Bőthe, B., Orosz, G., & Rigó, A. (2022). Self-determined profiles of academic motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 46(2), 152–170. doi: 10.1007/s11031-021-09918-x.

Wang, C., Cho, H. J., Wiles, B., Moss, J. D., Bonem, E. M., Li, Q., … Levesque-Bristol, C. (2022). Competence and autonomous motivation as motivational predictors of college students’ mathematics achievement: From the perspective of self-determination theory. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 41. doi: 10.1186/s40594-022-00359-7.

White, R. L., Bennie, A., Vasconcellos, D., Cinelli, R., Hilland, T., Owen, K. B., & Lonsdale, C. (2021). Self-determination theory in physical education: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 99, 103247. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2020.103247.