PERBANDINGAN KEBIJAKAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA: PELAJARAN DARI PENGALAMAN MULTIKULTURAL
Keywords:
Kebijakan toleransi beragama, multikulturalisme, Pancasila, moderasi beragamaAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji kebijakan toleransi beragama komparatif di Indonesia dan Malaysia, dua negara multikultural di Asia Tenggara yang menghadapi masalah serupa dalam mengelola pluralitas agama. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan analisis kebijakan komparatif untuk mengkaji faktor penentu sosial, politik, dan hukum yang memengaruhi kebijakan toleransi beragama di kedua negara. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia, yang dipandu oleh ideologi Pancasila, menekankan kerangka kebijakan yang inklusif dan berupaya untuk menjaga kebebasan beragama secara seragam meskipun ada kendala yang berkelanjutan dalam implementasi lokal. Sebaliknya, Malaysia mengadopsi strategi moderasi agama, dengan Islam sebagai agama negara, didukung oleh program pendidikan dan sosial, meskipun menghadapi kesulitan dalam melindungi hak-hak minoritas. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa menyesuaikan kebijakan dengan situasi sosial dan politik tertentu sangat penting untuk membina kerukunan dan stabilitas masyarakat, memberikan wawasan bagi negara-negara lain yang ingin menangani pluralitas agama secara efektif.
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